Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is one of the several types of dermatitis. It is a chronic (long-lasting) dry, itchy, inflamed skin disease.

Eczema occurs most frequently in children. Meanwhile, adults are also affected. Atopic dermatitis is often associated with an elevated level of serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Eczema can be irritating, but it is not contagious.

The causes of Atopic dermatitis can be genetic, environmental or immune system associated. Weak skin barrier function and stress can also increase the incidence of Atopic dermatitis. Triggers of eczema include dry heat, sweat, mould, rough wool, skin infection, cleaning products, pollen, fragrances, dust mites, smoke from tobacco and irritating chemicals. The risk factors of eczema are personal history of hay fever or asthma, family history of eczema, hay fever or asthma, being female and food allergens.

Atopic dermatitis can appear anywhere on the body. Symptoms include itching, red skin, dry skin, crusting, raised bumps, darkened skin, and sensitive skin. The complications of Eczema are asthma, hay fever, food allergies, chronic itchy skin, skin infections, irritant hand dermatitis, sleep problems, anxiety and depression.

Laboratory diagnosis of Atopic dermatitis is by skin snip microscopy, skin biopsy and allergy skin test. Atopic dermatitis can be treated with medications, therapies and skin hydration.

To prevent the incidence of eczema, moisturize the skin, avoid scratching itchy skin areas, limit exposure to irritants and allergies, avoid sudden temperature changes, use gentle body cleansers and drink adequate water.

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References:
my.clevelandclinic.org
www.mayoclinic.org
www.uptodate.com
www.wikidoc.com