Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia is a malignant disorder of the bone marrow that affects white blood
cells (mainly the lymphocytes).
Bone marrow only releases white blood cells after they are fully developed, but in this condition, it releases a large number of white blood cells that are not fully
developed (known as blasts). The increase in number of blasts reduces the number of red blood cells
and platelets in circulation. It affects both children and adults but mostly children. It is also the most
common type of childhood cancer.
ALL is a result of DNA mutation but the exact cause of the mutation is unclear. Risk factors include
obesity, smoking, previous chemotherapy, weakened immune system and a genetic disorder. This
condition progresses quickly and requires immediate treatment.
Some of the symptoms are pale skin, fatigue, unintended weight loss, unusual and frequent bleeding,
high temperature, recurring infections, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, seizures and
abdominal pain due to Lilarged Liver or spleen.
Laboratory diagnosis for ALL involves Blood tests (Full Blood Count), Bone marrow Biopsy, Imaging tests
and Cerebrospinal Fluid test (lumbar puncture test). These tests are available at MedBioTech
Laboratory.
Treatment involves Chemotherapy, Blood transfusion, Radiation therapy, Targeted therapy and Stem
cell transplant.
